Revolutions
Empires
Colonies
Wars
Technologies
Religions
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Revolutions Slave Rebellions in Rome
  • Syrian slave Eunus started slaves rebellion in Sicily
  • Eunus pretended to have oracular abilities
  • 200000 followers for 5 years, Romans finally tortured and crucified rebels
 Spartacus Revolt
  • 73BC Gladiator Slaves
  • 100,000 slaves
  • Roman army crucified 6000 from slave revolt
 Revolts of Judea
  • suppress the rebellious province of Judea
  • reasons - proscription of circumcision, the construction of a new city,  Capitolina, over the ruins of Jerusalem
  • The struggle lasted for three years before the revolt was brutally crushed in the summer of 135 CE
 High Taxes. Rome
  • High taxes for Roman Empire citizen as war with Sassanid’s in the East and Germans in the North
  • Roman emperor could lead just one army at the time
  • This way Roman army spent a lot of time fighting each other for the emperor to be head of their army
 Against Roman Power
  • West Asia modern Syria
  • King Odoenathus strikes out against roman power
  • Romans did take Palmyra back and brought the king to Rome as prisoner, in golden chains
 Samaritan Revolts 
  • Samaritans (part of Judea) launched against Byzantine Empire
  • The Samaritan faith was outlawed and from a population of nearly a million, the Samaritan community dwindled to near extinction
  • Christians dominant group in Palestine for many decades
 An Lushan Rebellion 
  • against Tang Dynasty of  China, An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China
  • deaths of 36 million people, about two-thirds of the population of the empire
  • 755 to 763; centralized bureaucracy weakened
 Zanj Rebellion
  • Zanj were black slaves shipped overseas from East Africa to work in salt mines and plantations under the harshest conditions
  • 500,000 slaves who were imported from across  Muslim empire
  • 869 to 883
    		• Peasants revolts at Europe
    • 1337-1453 100 Years War England-France
    • 1347-1351 Black Death - more 1/2 Europe population
    • 1349 Forbidding wage raises
    • 1377 Poll Tax for 100 Years War
    • 1378-1382 Peasants Revolts England, France, Italy
    		Price Revolution
    • Gold from New World leads to large inflation in Eastern Europe
    • Grow of population after Black Death, urbanization
    • Increase of productivity in Gold industry
    		Scientific Revolution
    • Renaissance lead to development in math, physics, astronomy, biology
    • New Worlds Explored
    • Religion, superstition, and fear were replaced by reason and knowledge
    		English Revolution
    • 1642 English Civil War
    • 1649 King Charles I is beheaded
    • 1649 Republic Declared
    • 1658 Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector
    • 1660 Charles II restored 
    		French, American Revolutions
    • 1790 Bastille Stormed
    • 1793 King&Queen Beheaded
    • 1796 Robespierre Terror
    • 1799 Napoleon Power
    • 1775 American Revolution
    		Industrial Revolution
    • Formation of rich fabricants
    • Urbanization
    • Hard labor: 12-16 hours
    • 1848 The Communist Manifesto
    		Communist Revolutions
    • 1,917 Russian Revolution
    • 1912-1949 China in Revolution
    • 1945-1948 Vietnam and Korean
    • 1945-1948 Vietnam and Korean
    • 1953-1959 Cuba Revolution
    • 1975 Cambodia Revolution
    Egyptian (3000 to 671BC) to top table Assyrian, Babylonian to top table Persian (539 to 330BC) to top table Greeksto top table Roman Empire (285 to 1485) to top table Roman Western-Eastern Empires to top table Sassanid empire (227 to 670) to top table Abbasid empire (758-1258) to top table Tibetan empire (650-1234) to top table Mongol Empire (Beijing )(1160-1395)to top table Ottoman Empire (1301-1922) (Constantinople -> Istanbul) to top table Mayan Civilization to top table Moghul empire (1526-1746) to top table British Empire (1815-1997) to top table Russian empire (1721-1917) to top table
    Empires 2630 BC Old Kingdom. Pyramid of Cheops , Cairo as funerary monument 1567 BC New Kingdom, empire from Nubia to Euphrates river in Asia  671 BC clashed with Assyrian empire 525 became part of Persian empire 332 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Persians and conquered Egypt   31 BC Cleopatra let Egypt be surrounded by Octavian (Romans) -> 6 Centuries of Roman rule . Christianity as official religion of Rome 7th Century conquest of Egypt by Arabs . Introduction to Islam. 1831BC Set of provinces, roads, governors and garrisons - all used by later empires 883BC integration of Babylonia to Assyria . Double monarchy, as was too highly esteemed to be a province 703 BC revolt against Assyria , was punished harshly, Babylon ruined, entire population deported 671 BC Assyria expansion to Egypt, Damascus, Gaza, Babylonia    626 BC soldier Nabopolassar continued struggle against Assyria, 587BC Babylonian captivity of Jerusalem and Jews Assyrians replaced by Babylonians but empire remains the same Largest in ancient world from Anatolia ( Turkey ) and Egypt across Western Asia to northern India and Central Asia  539 bc Persia defeated Babylonian and Lydians 525 bc after 10 days siege Memphis (Egypt) fell 480 bc attempt to conquer Greece  Persian empire court intrigues , moral decadence and luxury 330 bc Alexander III of Macedonia great claimed Persian empire 1200BC The Trojan War and the destruction of Troy 776BC was the year of the 1st Olympic games. 508BC 'democracy' began in Athens. We still use this term today meaning 'ruled by the people'. 333 BC Alexander the Great defeats the Persians and is given Egypt by the Persian, builds a capital at Alexandria 146BC Rome conquered Greece - Greece becomes part of the Roman empire; 641AD The Slavs overrun Greece over 100,000,000 people Christianity started in the Roman province of Judea 70 CE Second Temple of Jerusalem and carried its spoils to Rome 132CE the Jews were forced to migrate from the area around Jerusalem 285CEDiocletian divided the empire into two administrative realms (split to Roman and Byzantine empires) Christianity finally gained acceptance with the Edict of Milan (313 CE) and Constantine’s convers Byzantine (Eastern) Empire (Constantinople) 285 -1483 Western (Roman) Empire 285-476 Wanted restore Persian empire, take Israel , Syria , Lebanon , Turkey and Egypt from Romans. Greek cultural influence, centralization, urban planning, technological development  For 400 years fighting with Romans with no clear victory Zoroastrianism as main religion the same as Persian but tolerant to other religions  In 600 s leader of Arab army, Mohammad companion and follower after his death, conquered Romans and Sassanids  Descent from Muhammad prophet, embraced Sunni Islam and no support for Shia beliefs. Created army from Turkish and other slaves- Mamelukes , which became strong in 934  In 1258 Hulagu Khan, Mongol General, sacked Baghdad  End of Abbasids - began medieval period in Islam which broke down into myriad of cultural and political units 63: Tibetan sack of Chinese capital Xian; 842: Tibetan emperor Langdarma assassinated, empire disintegrates   821: Peace treaty between Tibet and China   1247: the Mongols (known as Yuan dynasty in China) become de facto rulers of Tibet but Sakya monks become their tutors  1253: Kublai Khan declares Buddhism the state religion of his empire . 1573: The Mongol emperor begins conversion Mongolia to Buddhism, and bestows on Sonam Gyatso the title of "Dalai Lama" ("Ocean of Wisdom")  1720: The Manchus invade Tibet; 1788: Nepal invades Tibet; 1841: An Indian kingdom invades Tibet; 1905: Chinese troops invade Tibet and destroy many monasteries ")  16% of the earth's landmass; 110 mln of people 1160 Birth of Chingis Khan. 1220s - Invasiona to Russia and Central Asia 1260 Golden Horde help Byzantines re-take Constantinople from crusaders. In 1331, the Black Death brought the Empire into its long, slow decline Istanbul - City of Islam Centralized by Sultan (Brother Kill Rule) Other Religions - Taxes + Son to Muslim Slavery Europe looks for different trade ways (discovery of America) 2000 BC - Farming villages begin to form across the Maya region 100 BC - The city-state of Teotihuacan grows. It influences the Maya culture for many years. The first pyramids are built. The Classic Period 250AD to 900 AD is considered the golden age of the Maya city-states. 600 AD - The powerful Teotihuacan declines and is no longer a cultural center. 900 AD - The southern lowland cities collapse and Teotihuacan is abandoned. The reason for the collapse of the Maya Classic period is still a mystery to archeologists. This signals the end of the Classic period. Post-classic Period (900 AD to 1500 AD) Babur descend from Timur , from Genghis Khan (Moghul is Mongol). 1526 Babur army goes from Kabul to North India with 25,000 against 100,000 and wins Delhi and Agra  1560 Akbar establishes consensus between Muslim and Hindu, ends tax on unbelievers to Muslim 1632 Shah Johan rules - Hindu temples destroyed, Islam has state value. Taj Mahal is tomb for his wife. 1736 conqueror from Persia Nadir Shah takes Kabul, Delhi , kills 30000 for resistance. 1746 European nations open warfare for Indian soil 1500s - Newfoundland, East India and Hudson Bay 1600s - sugar and tobacco plantations in Caribbean and NA; African Slave Trade 1700s - by Treaty of Paris dominant in Canada; lost 13 American colonies (War of Independence), developed Australia settlements 1800s- colonized New Zealand, extended Pacific Region, more control over East India 1907 - Canada, Australia and South Africa - status of dominions -> 1931 - independent countries; 1947-1977 - independence for India, Hong Kong, disintegration of British Empire 1721 After defeating Sweden, Russia gains control of Estonia, Livonia and Ingria. Peter I - first Emperor of all Russia. 1772 - Poland divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia; 1809 - Finland added 1783 - Crimea annexed; 1829 - Turkish defeated; 1856 - Crimean War 1858 - Border with China at Amur river; 1864 - Turkestan added; 1873 - Bukhara 1867- Alaska sold to US for 7.2mln; 1878 - Ottoman Empire defeated in Russian-Turkish war; 1899 - Russification of Finland; 1905 - Russian-Japan war 1917 - Russian Revolution, Provincial Government and after Bolsheviks take power.
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    Colonies EGYPTIAN SLAVES: Temple art celebrates the capture of slaves in battle.
    Egyptians capture slaves by sending special expeditions up the Nile River.     		SLAVES IN BABYLON:
    from 18 century BC
    Babylon The Code of Hammurabi:
    Rewards and penalties for surgeons operating on free men or slaves.
    The system is not one of unmitigated brutality.
    Babylonian slaves are themselves allowed to own property.
    		SLAVES IN GREECE:
    from the 7th century BC
    Both the leading states - Sparta and Athens - depend entirely upon forced labour,
    Helots of Sparta are a conquered people, living on their own; Moses and Jewish slavery in Egypt.
    hereditary land but forced to work it for their Spartan masters.
    Their existence is a traditional rural one to which certain rights remain attached.     		The slaves of Athens have no conventional rights.
    The most unfortunate Athenian slaves are the miners, who are driven often to the point of death by their owners
    The majority of Athenian slaves are domestic servants.
    It is considered shameful to be another man's servant.
    So male slaves in Athens do all work of a secretarial or managerial nature as banking and commerce.    		 SLAVES IN ROME:
    from the second century BC, Free citizens have very high self-esteem
    The most privileged slaves are the secretarial staff of the emperor.
    Some estimate the population of Rome is more than half slave.
    In the mines they are whipped; in the fields they work in chain gangs
    in the public arenas they are forced to engage in terrifying combat as gladiators.    		 ANGLO-SAXONS SLAVES
    enslave the native Britons after invading England.     		Slavery around the Mediterranean, after the collapse of the west Roman empire
    But the slaves are employed almost exclusively in households, offices and armies.
    Mediterranean provides the geographical and economic environment to encourage a slave trade.
    Civilized regions enslave unsophisticated tribes during wars.
    Market forces encourage the tribes to seize prisoners to service a developing slave trade.     		South of the Mediterranean Arabs stimulate an African slave trade.
    Sahara is a trading station for slaves.
    Captured in the region around Lake Chad, they are sold to Arab households in a Muslim world which by the 8th century stretches from Spain to Persia.
    Qur'an offers no arguments against slavery. It states that slaves must be well treated.     		Eastward expansion of the Germans - many Slavs are captured ( 'slave').
    Delivery of slaves to the Black Sea region is an important part of the early economy of Russia.
    Slavery is a normal practice in England’s rural, agricultural economy, as destitute workers place themselves and their families in a form of debt bondage to landowners.     		In 1250 the slave leaders of the Egyptian army, known as Mamelukes, depose the sultan and seize power.
    A succession of rulers from their own ranks control much of the Middle East, as the Mameluke dynasty, for nearly three centuries.    		 1380 In the aftermath of the Black Plague, Europe’s slave trade thrives in response to a labor shortage. 1402 The Spanish empire - invasion of the Canary Islands
    1415 The Portuguese empire - capture of Morocco
    1452 Papal Bull allows enslavement of pagans
    1492 Discovery of the "New World",  colonization of the Americas
    1494 Spanish and the Portuguese colonies rule of Tordesillas    		 1500 Pedro Álvares sails to Brazil for the Portuguese king
    1511 The Portuguese capture Malaysia
    1519 The Portuguese capture Ormus, in the Persian Gulf
    1542 Creation of the Viceroyalty of Peru
    		 1600 England Royal rights to the English East India Company
    1602 Establishment of the Dutch East India Company
    1607 English settlement in North America, Virginia
    1619 The first African slaves arrive in Jamestown, Virginia
    1630 Puritans establish Massachusetts Bay Colony     		1717 Creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada
    1775 American War of Independence
    1791 Haitian Revolution and abolition of slavery 
    1795 Britain invades the Cape region (South Africa)
    1798 French Invasion of Egypt     		1810 Mexican War of Independence
    1830 Start of the French conquest of Algeria
    1833 British abolish slavery in the West Indies.
    1857 Uprising in India against British occupation
    1895 Creation of French West Africa (AOF)     		1931 Independence Dominions of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa
    1947 Independence of India and of Pakistan
    1947 UN Resolution on the partition of Palestine ; new State of Israel 
    1959 Independence of Morocco and Tunisia
    1975 Independence Mozambique's and Angola from Portugal
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    Wars Pharaoh Menes of the south conquered the region of northern Egypt
    - The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (3150-2686 BCE)     		Mesopotamia unification wars of Sargon the great (2334-2279 BCE) Tribe wars in Mesopotamia in 2700 BCE between Sumer and Elam. The earliest formation was the phalanx which was first employed in Sumer c. 3000 BCE and would become the standard for infantry formations for thousands of years. By 1720 BCE, Egypt had been conquered by the Hyksos, a Semitic people of unknown origin, who introduced superior technological advances into Egypt: war chariots, bronze weapons, and new tactics,, the Hyksos brought the advance of the composite bow. Battle of Megiddo (Hebrew - `Armageddon' ) in 1479 BCE between Thutmose III of Egypt and an alliance of former Egyptian territories. Warring States Period in China (476-221 BCE) - State of Qin defeated the other states and unified China under the rule of emperor Shi Huangti. Alexander the Great (356BC to 323BC) - King of Macedonia (Ancient Greek). Teacher - Aristotle. Conquered Syria -> Egypt (Alexandria) -> Persia, Julius Caesar (100BC - 44BC): added France and Belgium to Roman Empire, stopped Gallic Invasions. Ended Rome Republic by Dictatorship, was assassinated by Republicans. Jewish rebels burn homes of Jewish aristocrats, Rome abolishes Judea as homeland for Jews Mount Vesuvius erupts covering Pompeii China prosperity - attempt expansion westward, 60k army conquered eastern shores Caspian sea Teotihuacan pyramid of sun completed Mexico Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius fighting invasions of Germans Jews rebellion in Jerusalem -580K die; Jews ban from Jerusalem 10 years, Study of Tora punishable by death Power in China passes to warlords Sassanid’s rule across Persia and Mesopotamia Rome in chaos 15 different emperors for 15 years Execution of Christians in Rome Christians spread 10 percent China civil war - thousands slaughter Constantine wins other vice emperors and becomes emperor of Western Roman empire; His mother is Christian Korean Wars for the way of Buddha 80000 Vandals cross from Spain to north Africa Taoists inspire movement against Buddhism Huns enter Gaul; Kill Sassanian king Maya are peaking in economic prosperity Spain nation discarded Arian Christian and converts to Catholicism Justinian army defeats Ostrogoth in Italy, Rome and much of Italy in ruin. Catholicism wins against Arian Christianity After 271 years of division China is again united Muhammad is praying in Mecca. He claims to be leader of Judaism but rejected. Muhammad army conquers Arabia Persia declares war against Constantinople. Zoroastrian religion to conquer the world. Constantinople defeats Persia, returns Egypt, Palestine, Asia to empire. After Muhammad death 632 Muslim warriors conquer Persia, Syria, Mesopotamia and Egypt. Muslim army crosses the Strait of Gibraltar and begins a conquest of Spain Arabs have conquered eastward to the western border of China. They have conquered Lisbon and in the Caucasus, including Armenia. Constantinople has held off Muslim attacks by land and sea for more than a year. South-Central Europe is to remain Christian; Emperor Leo III forces conversion of Constantinople's Jews. Mexico's great city of Teotihuacan (Teotihuacán) is among those cities destroyed and left in ruins Vikings have attacked at Constantinople and other lands Rurik of Scandinavia has established a dynasty at Novgorod. The Maya city Tikal is abandoned Cordoba Spain elevates himself from an emir to caliph Northern Mayan cities begin to be abandoned Muslims looking forward to the future are expanding in eastern Africa. 1,001 Muslims want to take word of Allah to the Hindu kingdoms of India 1,085 Christianity has been expanding against Muslims in Spain 1,095 Turks to Constantinople -> conquered Jerusalem -> First Crusade -> Urban II announces that Christ will lead any army to rescue the Holy Land. 1,099 Jerusalem falls to the Crusaders, who slaughter the city's Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. 1,125 China defeats Khitan empire 1,144 Muslims take Edessa (hold by Christians after I Crusade) -> II Crusade starts 1,187 Saladin retakes Palestine (and Jerusalem) for Islam; no slaughter for other religions -> III Crusade begins against Saladin 1,193 Muslims move to India, driving Buddhism out from India 1202-1270 Fourth-Eights Crusades 1220-1279 Mongol Invasions (Genghis Khan) 1231-1370 Northern Crusades Teutonic Knights (Papal Golden Bull of Rimini) 1296-1314 I War of Scottish Independence 1337-1453 Hundred Years' War (England/France, Joan of Arc) 1332-1333 II War of Scottish Independence 1389-1396 Ottoman Wars: Serb, Bosnian, and Albanian forces are defeated (Battle of Kosovo), European Nations 1391-1398 Timur (Tamerlane) wins - Kondurcha, Terek, Delhi 1,453 Byzantine-Ottoman Wars: fall of the Byzantine Empire 1455-1471 Wars of the Roses (dynastic wars for the throne of England) 1,492 Spain capture Granada from the Moors 1,494 Italian Wars: 63 years French invasion of Italy 1526-1556 Mughal Empire Conquests (India) 1,531 Swiss Catholics defeat the Protestants 1542-1547 Anglo-Scottish Wars 1565-1596 Anglo-Spanish War: capture and burn the Spanish city of Cadiz 1618-1648 30 Years War (Protestants/ Catholics) 1643-1648 English Civil War (Parliamentarians / Royalists) 1688-1697 War of Grand Alliance (Colonial Expansions) 1700-1721 Great Northern War (Sweden, Russia, Demark, and Saxony) 1722-1723 Russian-Persian War (Armenia and Azerbaijan to Russia) 1754-1755 French-Indian War (colonies of British America/ New France) 1763-1774 Russo-Turkish Wars (Ukraine, Crimea and North Caucasus within Russia) 1800 1803 1804 1805 1812 Napoleonic Wars: Austrians; Britain; Napoleon - Emperor of France; King of Italy; invades Russia 1842-1856 1861-1863 First-Second Opium War American Civil War (Union/ Confederacy) 1854–1856 Crimean War-Britain, France, and Sardinia join together to defend the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) from Russia. 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian Unification War; formation of the German Empire (II Reich), and led directly to WWI. 1914-1918 1915-1918 1918-1921 World War I Armenian Genocide Russian Civil War 1937 1939 1941 1945 Invasion of Japan to China; Nazi invade Poland; USSR; Germany surrenders to USSR 1927-1937 1949-1976 Chinese Civil War; Mao Zedong era - 40mln people died due to reforms, famine and rights abuses 1945-1990 1959-1973 1979-1989 Cold War US and USSR;Vietnam War; Soviet-Afghan War
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    Technologies Bronze age Copper and bronze - end of Neolithic period First miners excavate copper Harnessing of draught animals for agriculture; horses cannot be used Use of plough by animals such as oxen Potter wheel for rounding potters (Mesopotamia) Wheel - evolved from potter wheel Pythagoras Harnessing of camels Archimedes finds number Pi Pulley - wheel round which a rope is run Rotary mills, turned by slaves or animals Cement Rotary power Water mills (Greeks) Arch, vault and dome Roman engineers use concrete Screw press (Greeks) 50,000 miles of Roman roads Knitting - Roman empire Use of horses using firm collar and distributing weight Windmill (Afghanistan) Chinese Invention Paper For two years Japan has been suffering from a small pox epidemic -> one-third of the population has perished. Flashlock (Chinese) Moors in Spain -> pure copper (iron + salt) Christian missionaries develop the Cyrillic alphabet from written Greek – an alphabet that in modern times is used in Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian and other languages. Gunpowder is described in a Taoist book of alchemy Chinese astronomers watch Exposion of Supernova Córdoba is a Muslim city. Caliph building of Cordoba's library, Europe's best university, medical schools, astronomy. Women in a Chinese harem invent playing cards. Europeans begin to use Arabic numerals not Roman. Mechanical triggers to warfare Avicenna -composed 276 books on medicine, physics, astronomy, chemistry, mathematics, economics and religion. Tide mills (England port of Daver) Tower clock (China) Crusaders access many Middle Eastern Scriptures Chinese have begun stitching together books of printed pages Cities -10%, rural - 90% 1,119 Magnetic compass 1,149 Crusaders bring sugar to Europe 1,180 Glass windows are put in English homes Earliest recorded cannons of warfare (Mamluks and Mongols) Distillation process (Irish whisky) Eye Glasses Hour Glass 1,420 Oil Painting 1,455 Printing press invented 1,485 Leonardo Da Vinci - Human body in microcosmic 1,485 Leonardo Da Vinci - Parachute 1,500 Flash toilets 1,589 Lee - Knitting machine 1,593 Galileo - Water thermometer 1,616 Galileo - Heliocentrism 1,629 Steam turbine 1,666 Newton - gravitation 1,656 Haygens - Pendulum Clock 1,671 Leibniz - Calculating Machine 1,733 Yales - blood pressure 1,768 Length of Light determines its color 1,742 Celsius - thermometer 1,709 Cristofori - Piano 1,774 Electric Telegraph 1,800 Nicholson - Electrolysis 1,834 Babbage - calculator 1,844 Morse - the telegraph. 1,866 Nobel - patent for dynamite 1,876 Bell - telephone 1,879 Edison - a bulb to light a lamp 1,869 Mendeleev - Table of Elements 1,905 Einstein E=MC2 1,925 Baird - Television 1,941 Sikorsky - Helicopter 1,979 Mobile Phone 1,961 Gagarin to Cosmos flight 1,981 IBM personal computer 1,996 Dooly sheep clone
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    Religions Judaism Adam -> Abraham -> Covenant. Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Bahai faith originate with divine covenant between God and Abraham. Jewish people believe in One God, goodness of Universe, they don’t need savior from Original Sin. Hinduism "Polytheism religion. Unity of everything - Brahman. Every person goes through cycles of life - samsara (birth, death, rebirth). The progress is measured by good and bad deeds - karma. Bad karma is the way to be reborn at lower level, even animal. " Judaism "Moses led his people from Egypt captivity and received the Law (Tora) from God. King Samuel - the Holy Land, Kind David - Jerusalem, King Solomon - Jerusalem Temple. In 70AD Jerusalem temple was ruined, Kingdom ruined. " Confucianism "K'ung Fu Tzu (Confucius) was born in 550BC in China. And he was teaching China rulers his ethical principles: Love to family members; honesty, benevolence toward others; loyalty to state. The main periods of life: birth, maturity, marriage, death. " Buddhism, Zoroastrianism "Buddhism - Main cycles of life - birth, life, death. Believe in reincarnation. Person will be born again many times before releasing himself from desire and self. At this time will reach Nirvana. No God, no prayers, no belief in eternal life. " Christianity "Jesus was born in family of Mary and Joseph. Was crucified for his teachings to save humanity from sin. Rose from dead and told 12 Disciples to spread his word. One who repent their sins could be saved and go to Heaven. " Judaism Destruction of Jerusalem, Torah law and the Hebrew calendar prohibited, wiped Judea name off the map and replaced it with Syria Palestine Christianity Catholicism; Christianity becomes legal faith, Olympics games abolished up to 19 century as Pagan worship Buddhism Zoroastrianism is ancient pre Islamic religion of Persia . Zoroaster ideas of ethical monotheism, heaven, he'll, angelology, resurrection of body and messiah figure were influential on Judaism, Christianity and Islam . Taoism Contemporary of Confucianism. Started in time of feudal wars in China. In 440 - China State Religion. Tao means path. One should balance energy within body. Yin (dark) and Yang (light) - opposite sites of everything: evil and good, man and woman. Christianity The Western Roman Empire begins to decline, signaling the onset of the Dark Ages. Islam "Islam follows teachings of Abraham, David, Moses and Jesus. Muhammed is the last prophet to clarify faith. Every Muslim should: pray 5 times per day facing Mecca, donate 2.5% of charity tax, go once to Mecca, festive in month of Ramadan. " Shinto "Jesus of Nazareth; New testament; Japanese Shinto: Existence of Kami - nature dieties. Kamis gave birth to islands and clans. One of Kami's is ancestress of Imperial family. Four Affirmations: respect family, nature, stay clean and festive. " Islam Sunnism, Shism; Jewish leaders reject Muhammad's claim to be a leader of Judaism Christianity In Kiev, Prince Vladimir I adopts the religion of the Byzantine Empire as the state religion; Christians have been expecting the Second Coming of Jesus in year 1000 Parsi The beginning of migrations of Zoroastrian communities (Parsi) from Persia to India caused by Muslim conquest of their lands and persecution. Christianity Orthodox; Church in Rome accuses the Christians in Constantinople of allowing priests to marry, re-baptizing Roman Christians etc. The Church in Rome excommunicates the Church in Constantinople, and vice versa -> The schism between churches Christianity Roman Catholic Church 1184 issues Bull against heretics; to 1150 most Finns and Sweden converted to Christianity Confucianism China is weak militarily, a result in part of Confucianism, which dominates ideologically. Christianity The First Crusade: Sigurd I of Norway wages the Norwegian Crusade on Muslims in Spain, the Baleares, and in Palestine; The Second Crusade is waged in response to the fall of the County of Edessa; The Third Crusade, European leaders attempt to reconquer what they considered the Holy Land from Saladin. Christianity Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade sack the Christian Eastern Orthodox city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire; Jerusalem is sacked again, instigating the Seventh Crusade; Power of the pope began to decline. Disputes erupted over who had more secular power, the pope or the kings. The power of the church was challenged by reformers and a pessimistic working class -> Great Schism between popes Christianity Pope John XXII lays the groundwork for the future witch-hunts with the formalization of the persecution of witchcraft. Christianity Reformation (Martin Luther) -> Protestantism: Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism Sikhism "Founded in Pakistan by Shri Guru and followed by 9 other Gurus. The teaching recognized One God with many names. As Hindu Sikhs have samsara, karma, difference - no sects as everyone born equal. Sikhs should believe in 10 Gurus. " Christianity Inquisition Spain Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism-Dalai Lama Christianity Freemason Freemasons: Freedom of religion, enshrined in the Bill of Rights, is amended into the constitution of the United States forming an early and influential secular government. Freemasony- Albert Mackey, Albert Pike Christianity: The Dechristianisation of France during the Revolution. The state confiscates Church properties, replaces the traditional Gregorian Calendar, and abolishes Christian holidays. 1830 - Mormonism; 1845- 7th Day Adventists; 1848 -Spiritualism; 1870 -Jehovah's Witnesses; 1875 -Theosophical Society Bahá'í By Bahai God sent 9 prophets to Earth - 9 religions. They differ as social conditions were different. Bahai believes in one government that will rule with equal rights, freedoms for all humanity. Everyone has immortal soul. "1917 -True Jesus Church; 1955 - Scientology; 1960 AD.-Transcendental meditation- Maharishi Mahesh Yogi; 1966 - Church of Satan; 1968 - Hare Krishna (US); "